The present study investigates the effects of climatic
variability on the reproductive development, flower sex
ratios, and fruit set of Litchi chinensis cv. Dehradun in
Himachal Pradesh from 2021 to 2023. Results reveal
that cooler temperatures during floral bud induction
(November–December) favoured balanced flower sex
ratios and floral differentiation, promoting a successful
fruit set. Higher temperatures in December 2022, however, led to increased vegetative growth and reduced
reproductive output. Early flowering in January was
advanced by cooler conditions in 2021–22, while improved rainfall and humidity further supported panicle
health and fruit retention. Warmer April–May conditions contributed to elevated fruit drop and cracking,
impacting yield. Additionally, cooler temperatures encouraged longer, more robust panicles, positively influencing flower production. These findings highlight
the significance of cooler temperatures during key
stages of litchi development and suggest the potential
of adaptive practices, such as supplemental irrigation
during dry spells, to counter climate impacts on yield
and quality.