Lucy Mohapatra <br/><br/>
Preclinical Models of Lung Fibrosis: A Gateway for Clinical Research 

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<br/><br/> Lung fibrosis (LF) is a form of a severe respiratory disorder that has a survival period of about three to five years after<br/>diagnosis. Lung fibrosis is a group of lung disorders characterized by progressive scarring of alveolar tissues. Many<br/>models, such as irradiation, exposure to toxins like bleomycin, silica, and fluorescein isothiocyanate and the<br/>expression of particular genes using viral vectors or transgenic systems are utilized to examine this disease. A recent<br/>model involving repetitive bleomycin lung injury has also been developed, leading to significant lung fibrosis,<br/>specifically hyperplasia of alveolar epithelial cells, and persistent abnormal remodelling even after the removal of the<br/>stimulus. This model contributes significantly to the pre-existing animal models for lung fibrosis, allowing for the<br/>study of temporal heterogeneity and long-term effects. Various in vitro models such as in vitro 2D tissue culture plastic<br/>model along with in vitro 3D hydrogel system model and recently developed humanized model has also been<br/>discussed in this review. Each of these reviewed models provides a valuable tool for investigating different aspects of<br/>lung fibrosis.  
<br/><br/><label>Subjects--Facted Index Terms: </label><br/>Fibrotic Lung<br/>Bleomycin<br/>Silica<br/> Fibroblasts<br/>Isothiocyanate and In vitro model