Over-the-counter (OTC) medications play a crucial role in primary healthcare by providing accessible and cost-effective
treatment for minor ailments such as fever, cold, headache, allergies, and digestive issues. In India, the widespread availability of
OTC drugs has grown significantly, supported by increasing consumer demand, digital penetration, and the expansion of epharmacies. However, this rise has also been accompanied by a concerning trend of misuse and irrational consumption, including
inappropriate self-medication, overuse of antibiotics, and drug interactions, often without professional consultation. Key drivers
of this misuse include limited access to healthcare professionals, economic constraints, cultural reliance on self-care, and
aggressive marketing by pharmaceutical companies.
This review examines the current trends in OTC medication use across India, shedding light on consumer behavior, market
dynamics, and regulatory gaps. It also emphasizes the critical public health risks associated with OTC misuse, such as
antimicrobial resistance and adverse drug reactions. Importantly, the article underscores the pivotal role pharmacists can play as
accessible healthcare providers in promoting rational drug use. Through proper counseling, patient education, and regulation
enforcement, pharmacists can act as gatekeepers in curbing misuse and ensuring safe self-medication practices. Strengthening the
regulatory framework, enhancing digital surveillance, and empowering pharmacists are recommended strategies to balance
accessibility with safety in the growing OTC drug landscape.