Concrete gravity dams are vital components of infrastructure, where ensuring safety and reliability is paramount, particularly under varied operational and environmental conditions. This study conducts an integrated risk assessment of concrete gravity dams, with a specific focus on the spillway structure—a critical element in water flow management and flood risk mitigation. Employing finite element method analysis and computational modelling, the research evaluates the structural behaviour of dam to a range of loading scernario, including hydrostatic and hydrodynamic pressures, uplift forces, seismic activity, and sediment pressures. In accordance with Indian Standard guidelines, the study provides a comprehensive stability analysis, revealing significant stress variations across different load scenarios. These findings underscore the necessity of rigorous structural analysis and risk management strategies in dam engineering. The study offers insights that enhance the reliability and resilience of dam structures, contributing to the broader discourse on risk and reliability in civil engineering. Additionally, it identifies key limitations and outlines future research directions to further advance the safety assessment of concrete gravity dams in the face of evolving environmental and operational challenges.