The rise in urbanization and inadequate management and planning have exerted considerable pressure on world’s environment. One approach used to assess sustainability development is Emergy Analysis. This study explores the evaluation of city’s environmental sustainability indicators over the past decade using the Emergy method. From both environmental and economic perspectives, the study examines several sustainability indicators for the Mashhad city, Iran. These include the Emergy Sustainability Index, Environmental Load Ratio, Emergy Self-Support Ratio, Emergy Investment Ratio, Emergy Density, Emergy Per Capita, and Carrying Capacity Population. Based on the calculations of these indicators, Mashhad is currently facing an unstable situation in terms of sustainability. However, potential solutions can make a significant difference in improving the city’s sustainability. These solutions encompass reducing urban sprawl and promoting the transformation of land into green spaces. Additionally, educating Mashhad’s residents about the optimal utilization of natural resources and reducing the city’s reliance on non-renewable resources can contribute to enhancing its sustainability. The method used in this research can be applied to other large cities in the developing countries.