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Inhibition of Bungarus caeruleus snake venom toxicity by Citrus reticulata methanolic extract and in-silico analysis of possible binding modes
Srimathi Raghavan
Inhibition of Bungarus caeruleus snake venom toxicity by Citrus reticulata methanolic extract and in-silico analysis of possible binding modes - P.67-76
Snakebite envenomation has been one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality around the world. Though intravenous administration of commercial anti-venom systemically neutralizes the toxicity, adverse effects are commonly seen in the post-treatment period. Plant metabolites and their derivatives have been shown to exhibit a wide range of anti-ophidian properties. In this study, we have investigated the Bungaruscaeruleus venom neutralization potential of Citrusaurantiumand Citrus reticulata Blanco peels in terms of phospholipase and hemolytic inhibition. Methanolic extract of C. reticulata exhibited the highest inhibition (93%) of PLA2 activity. However, the extracts of both these Citrusspecies significantly inhibited the hemolytic activity of the venom (54–82%). Molecular docking indicated the binding of thecitrus metabolites to catalytic site residues (TRP19, GLY30, TYR31, GLY32, and HIS48) of PLA2. In vivostudies using Swiss Albino mice confirmed the neutralising capacity of the citrus peel extract, as reflected by the increase in survival time. Therefore, the study reveals that these metabolites in the methanolic extract of the citrus peel can be used as supplements for the management of snake bites.
Snakebite
Citrus aurantium
Citrus reticulata
Venom
Neutralization
Bungarus caeruleus
Inhibition of Bungarus caeruleus snake venom toxicity by Citrus reticulata methanolic extract and in-silico analysis of possible binding modes - P.67-76
Snakebite envenomation has been one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality around the world. Though intravenous administration of commercial anti-venom systemically neutralizes the toxicity, adverse effects are commonly seen in the post-treatment period. Plant metabolites and their derivatives have been shown to exhibit a wide range of anti-ophidian properties. In this study, we have investigated the Bungaruscaeruleus venom neutralization potential of Citrusaurantiumand Citrus reticulata Blanco peels in terms of phospholipase and hemolytic inhibition. Methanolic extract of C. reticulata exhibited the highest inhibition (93%) of PLA2 activity. However, the extracts of both these Citrusspecies significantly inhibited the hemolytic activity of the venom (54–82%). Molecular docking indicated the binding of thecitrus metabolites to catalytic site residues (TRP19, GLY30, TYR31, GLY32, and HIS48) of PLA2. In vivostudies using Swiss Albino mice confirmed the neutralising capacity of the citrus peel extract, as reflected by the increase in survival time. Therefore, the study reveals that these metabolites in the methanolic extract of the citrus peel can be used as supplements for the management of snake bites.
Snakebite
Citrus aurantium
Citrus reticulata
Venom
Neutralization
Bungarus caeruleus