Urinary bladder cancer (UBC) has high recurrence
rates, making early detection vital. Promoter DNA
methylation of CALCA, CCNA1 and P16 genes can
serve as non-invasive biomarkers. The objective of the
present study is to evaluate the promoter methylation
status of CCNA1, CALCA and P16 genes in the blood of
UBC patients compared to controls, and to explore
their utility as non-invasive biomarkers. Blood samples
from 169 participants, including 89 UBC patients and
80 controls, were analysed. Blood samples were collected, DNA was extracted for bisulphite conversion,
followed by methylation-specific polymerase chain
reaction (PCR). Statistical analyses determined the
association between methylation status and clinical
features. Methylation was detected in CCNA1 (66.2%),
CALCA (53.9%), and P16 (72%) in UBC patients, significantly higher than in controls. Combined analysis
of these three genes provided a sensitivity of 85% and
specificity of 80% for UBC detection. Blood-based
methylation of CCNA1, CALCA and P16 genes emerged
as a promising non-invasive biomarker for early UBC
detection. Further validation in larger cohorts is required.