Lung fibrosis (LF) is a form of a severe respiratory disorder that has a survival period of about three to five years after
diagnosis. Lung fibrosis is a group of lung disorders characterized by progressive scarring of alveolar tissues. Many
models, such as irradiation, exposure to toxins like bleomycin, silica, and fluorescein isothiocyanate and the
expression of particular genes using viral vectors or transgenic systems are utilized to examine this disease. A recent
model involving repetitive bleomycin lung injury has also been developed, leading to significant lung fibrosis,
specifically hyperplasia of alveolar epithelial cells, and persistent abnormal remodelling even after the removal of the
stimulus. This model contributes significantly to the pre-existing animal models for lung fibrosis, allowing for the
study of temporal heterogeneity and long-term effects. Various in vitro models such as in vitro 2D tissue culture plastic
model along with in vitro 3D hydrogel system model and recently developed humanized model has also been
discussed in this review. Each of these reviewed models provides a valuable tool for investigating different aspects of
lung fibrosis.