Earthquake disaster is a kind of natural disaster that is not controlled by human factors, which is characterized by sudden strong and destructive, and has caused huge loss of life and property to our society. As buildings become denser and denser, a series of chain damages will occur in adjacent buildings under the influence of strong earthquakes, and the vibration damping measures for adjacent buildings in the traditional design scheme can no longer meet the actual functional requirements. Therefore, it is particularly important to explore new and more influence methods of vibration damping. This paper describes the inertial amplified mass-tuned damper (IA-TMD) applied to vibration control of adjacent buildings. The dynamic equations of the vibration system controlled by the IA-TMD under seismic excitation are established. The frequency ratio and damping ratio of the IA-TMD are used as the optimization parameters of the H2 optimization theory to obtain the exact expressions of the optimized system parameters. Analyze the dynamic response of the system under seismic excitation and compare the structural vibration damping property of the mass amplification damper with other controls. The synthesis shows that the optimization influence of IA-TMD on the vibration damping property of adjacent buildings structures is much higher than that of traditional dampers. Four typical seismic waves are selected as external excitations for time-domain analysis, and it is found that IA-TMD has a good damping influence in all time-domain ranges, and its influence is better than that of traditional dampers. The frequency-domain and time-domain analyses of the vibration control system demonstrate that the inertial amplified mass-tuned damper is superior to the traditional damper in vibration control of adjacent buildings structure.